See also the tandem wing, below.Ī staggered design has the upper wing slightly forward of the lower. The 1907 Multiplane of Horatio Frederick Phillips flew successfully with two hundred wing foils. The term is occasionally applied to arrangements stacked in tandem as well as vertically. Multiplane: many planes, sometimes used to mean more than one or more than some arbitrary number.A small number of the Armstrong Whitworth F.K.10 were built in the First World War but never saw service. Quadruplane: four planes stacked one above another.Triplanes such as the Fokker Dr.I enjoyed a brief period of popularity during the First World War due to their manoeuvrability, but were soon replaced by improved biplanes. Triplane: three planes stacked one above another.Busemann biplane: a theoretical supersonic wing configuration, in which shock waves between the wing planes interfere to reduce their energy and wave drag.The Fiat CR.1 was in production for many years. Inverted sesquiplane: has a significantly smaller upper wing.The Nieuport 17 of World War I was notably successful. Sesquiplane: literally "one-and-a-half planes" is a type of biplane in which the lower wing is significantly smaller than the upper wing, either in span or chord or both.Unequal-span biplane: a biplane in which one wing (usually the lower) is shorter than the other, as on the Curtiss JN-4 Jenny of the First World War.The very first Wright Flyer I was a biplane. The biplane is inherently lighter and stronger than a monoplane and was the most common configuration until the 1930s. Biplane: two wing planes of similar size, stacked one above the other.Parasol wing: raised clear above the top of the fuselage, typically by cabane struts, pylon(s) or pedestal(s).Ī fixed-wing aircraft may have more than one wing plane, stacked one above another:.When contrasted to the shoulder wing, applies to a wing mounted on a projection (such as the cabin roof) above the top of the main fuselage. High wing: mounted on the upper fuselage.A shoulder wing is sometimes considered a subtype of high wing. Shoulder wing: mounted on the upper part or "shoulder" of the fuselage, slightly below the top of the fuselage.Mid wing: mounted approximately halfway up the fuselage.Low wing: mounted near or below the bottom of the fuselage.The wing may be mounted at various positions relative to the fuselage: Since the 1930s most aeroplanes have been monoplanes. Number and position of main planes įixed-wing aircraft can have different numbers of wings: Where the meaning is clear, this article follows common usage, only being more precise where needed to avoid real ambiguity or incorrectness. However, in certain situations it is common to refer to a plane as a wing, as in "a biplane has two wings", or alternatively to refer to the whole thing as a wing, as in "a biplane wing has two planes". Strictly, such a pair of wings is called a wing plane or just plane. Note on terminology: Most fixed-wing aircraft have left hand and right hand wings in a symmetrical arrangement. A few theoretical designs are also notable. Most of the configurations described here have flown (if only very briefly) on full-size aircraft. This is particularly so for variable geometry and combined (closed) wing types. Some are therefore duplicated here under more than one heading. Sometimes the distinction between them is blurred, for example the wings of many modern combat aircraft may be described either as cropped compound deltas with (forwards or backwards) swept trailing edge, or as sharply tapered swept wings with large leading edge root extensions (or LERX). ![]() For example, the Supermarine Spitfire is a conventional low wing cantilever monoplane of straight elliptical planform with moderate aspect ratio and slight dihedral. The wing configuration of a fixed-wing aircraft (including both gliders and powered aeroplanes) is its arrangement of lifting and related surfaces.Īircraft designs are often classified by their wing configuration. The Spitfire wing may be classified as: "a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane with unswept elliptical wings of moderate aspect ratio and slight dihedral".
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