![]() Because of this, an array of zoonotic parasites are transmitted to humans ( table 1). They are also consumed raw or undercooked in a variety of ethnic dishes in many Asian countries as well. Moreover, various wild animals like frogs, land snails, snakes, backyard chicken, and wild boar are also served as sushi and sashimi, especially in the mountainous areas. In rural areas in Japan, freshwater or brackish-water fish are consumed as sushi and sashimi. ![]() Thus, the risk of infection with fishborne parasites by dining in the Japanese restaurants and sushi bars is not as significant as is generally feared. latum, marine fish usually only transmit few parasite species that infect humans. In contrast, other popular and cheap marine fish, such as cod, herring, mackerel, and squid tend to be heavily infected with Anisakis larvae and are mainly consumed at home or at local restaurants. Although various marine fish species harbor Anisakis larvae, fish that are preferentially served in Japanese restaurants and sushi bars are less contaminated or are even free of Anisakis larvae. Among those fish, salmon is an important intermediate host for the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum. In Japanese restaurants and sushi bars, they are preferentially, although not exclusively, prepared from relatively expensive marine fish such as tuna, yellow tail, red snapper, salmon, and flatfish/flounder. Sushi and sashimi are traditional Japanese dishes known worldwide. ![]() The aim of this review is to provide practical background information regarding representative fishborne and foodborne parasitic zoonoses endemic in Asian countries. Despite the recent increase in the number of travelers to areas where these zoonoses are endemic, travelers and even infectious disease specialists are unaware of the risk of infection associated with eating exotic ethnic dishes. Such fishborne and foodborne parasitic zoonoses are also endemic in many Asian countries that have related traditional cooking styles. In addition, an array of freshwater and brackish-water fish and wild animal meats, which are important sources of infection with zoonotic parasites, are served as sushi and sashimi in rural areas of Japan. Because of the worldwide popularization of Japanese cuisine, the traditional Japanese fish dishes sushi and sashimi that are served in Japanese restaurants and sushi bars have been suspected of causing fishborne parasitic zoonoses, especially anisakiasis.
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